Two-dimensional scattering of in-plane body waves due to a discontinuity in bedrock     

Ernest Heymsfield 《地震工程与结构动力学》1999,28(12):1651-1667

The direct boundary integral equation technique is used to study in-plane surface amplification of in-plane seismic body waves for the case of an inhomogeneity in a bedrock half-space. In the studied soil configuration, a soil layer rests on a rock half-space which includes a rock inclusion. The rock inclusion considered is a semi-infinite horizontal rock layer in which its upper boundary borders the soil layer. Materials in the soil–rock configuration are considered viscoelastic except for the section of the rock half-space below the level of the rock inclusion which is considered elastic. A parametric study is performed to determine controlling factors for surface displacement due to in-plane body waves. The study investigates varying the stiffness and the thickness of the rock inclusion for a range of frequencies and wave incidence angles. Anti-plane waves for this type of soil-rock configuration have been addressed in a previous article by Heymsfield (Earthquake Engng. Struct. Dyn. 28 : 841–855 (1999)). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Using multivariate statistical analysis of groundwater major cation and trace element concentrations to evaluate groundwater flow in a regional aquifer     

Klaus J. Stetzenbach  Irene M. Farnham  Vernon F. Hodge  Kevin H. Johannesson 《水文研究》1999,13(17):2655-2673

Groundwater samples were collected from 11 springs in Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge in southern Nevada and seven springs from Death Valley National Park in eastern California. Concentrations of the major cations (Ca, Mg, Na and K) and 45 trace elements were determined in these groundwater samples. The resultant data were subjected to evaluation via the multivariate statistical technique principal components analysis (PCA), to investigate the chemical relationships between the Ash Meadows and Death Valley spring waters, to evaluate whether the results of the PCA support those of previous hydrogeological and isotopic studies and to determine if PCA can be used to help delineate potential groundwater flow patterns based on the chemical compositions of groundwaters. The results of the PCA indicated that groundwaters from the regional Paleozoic carbonate aquifers (all of the Ash Meadows springs and four springs from the Furnace Creek region of Death Valley) exhibited strong statistical associations, whereas other Death Valley groundwaters were chemically different. The results of the PCA support earlier studies, where potentiometric head levels, δ¹⁸O and δD, geological relationships and rare earth element data were used to evaluate groundwater flow, which suggest groundwater flows from Ash Meadows to the Furnace Creek springs in Death Valley. The PCA suggests that Furnace Creek groundwaters are moderately concentrated Ash Meadows groundwater, reflecting longer aquifer residence times for the Furnace Creek groundwaters. Moreover, PCA indicates that groundwater may flow from springs in the region surrounding Scotty's Castle in Death Valley National Park, to a spring discharging on the valley floor. The study indicates that PCA may provide rapid and relatively cost‐effective methods to assess possible groundwater flow regimes in systems that have not been previously investigated. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Statistical techniques for the classification of chromites in diamond exploration samples     

W.L. Griffin  N.I. Fisher  J.H. Friedman  C.G. Ryan 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,59(3):233-249

A database of 1267 quality-screened major- and trace-element analyses of chromites (s.l.) from kimberlites, lamproites, ultramafic lamprophyres (UMLs) and crustal sources (‘greenstones’, including ophiolites, gabbros, basalts and komatiites) has been subjected to statistical analysis, in order to derive discriminants for use in diamond exploration. The techniques used included nearest-neighbour analysis, CART (classification and regression trees) and MARS (multivariate adaptive regression splines). The results show that both CART and MARS approaches can correctly discriminate kimberlite/lamproite chromites from UML/‘greenstone’ chromites at levels near 90%. Discrimination into the four classes separately is achieved at levels of ca. 80% by MARS and > 70% by CART; much of the misclassification is between the kimberlite and lamproite classes. These results probably represent the maximum probable level of discrimination on chemical criteria, given that ascending magmas may sample both mantle and crustal rocks. The CART approach produces a classification tree that requires no further computation to classify a given grain; the MARS approach requires the use of a simple software package. Tests on known samples illustrate the high level of accuracy of the methods in an exploration context, as well as the useful petrogenetic conclusions that can be drawn from some ‘misclassifications’.  相似文献   

Geochemical and radioactivity mapping in Poland     

Józef Lis  Anna Pasieczna  Ryszard Strzelecki  Stanis?aw Wo?kowicz  Pawe? Lewandowski 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,60(1):39-53

In 1990 the Polish Geological Institute initiated geochemical mapping of the country aimed at determining the actual conditions of chemistry in the Earth's surficial environments (soils, water sediments, and surficial waters as well) and sea-floor deposits in the Polish economic sector of the Baltic Sea. The geochemical mapping on different scales covered the entire area of the country and selected more important urban agglomerations and industrial districts. Approximately 15,100 samples of soils, 16,200 samples of fresh water sediments, 14,600 samples of surface waters and 467 samples of marine deposits were collected and analysed. A list of geochemical atlases published by the Polish Geological Institute is presented. Investigation of the distribution of radionuclides (natural and artificial) has been done since 1992. Concentrations of U, Th, K, post-Chernobyl Cs and γ dose rate were measured. Approximately 20,000 points covering the whole country were measured. More detailed mappings were executed in the areas polluted by Cs.  相似文献   

胶南新元古代花岗片麻岩中淡色脉体的锆石年代学和稀土元素研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

陆松年  李惠民  李怀坤  宋明春  袁洪林  柳小明 《华北地质》2005,28(4):207-212

苏鲁造山带中出露了大面积的新元古代花岗片麻岩,这些花岗片麻岩中赋存规模不等、形态各异的变质岩包体,已有资料表明它们均受到印支期高压─超高压变质作用的强烈影响。在花岗片麻岩及包体中经常可见以白色为主的长英质淡色脉体,脉体通常较窄,宽度多在1厘米以内,少数可达几个厘米,它们一般随片麻理方向延展,亦可见切穿片麻理的淡色脉,通常认为这类淡色脉体是母岩部分熔融的产物。作者等对出露于山东诸城市石河头乡新元古代花岗片麻岩中淡色脉体的锆石年代学及地球化学进行了探索性研究,取得了宝贵的地质信息。研究结果表明,淡色脉体中锆石SHRIMP法U Pb年龄为(147.6±2.5)Ma,同时锆石具有高铀、极低钍和重稀土富集等特征。文中在简略介绍地质背景的基础上,着重对淡色脉体中锆石的特征、锆石微区年龄和REE测定结果的地质意义进行了讨论。  相似文献   

长江口外缺氧区沉积物中氧化还原敏感性元素的"粒控效应"   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

张晓东  翟世奎  许淑梅  张爱滨  卢海建 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,35(5):868-874

对长江口外缺氧区及其邻近海域表层沉积物和沉积物岩芯样品的粒度和元素（主要包括氧化还原敏感性元素简称RSE,和典型陆源碎屑元素）进行了分析,并对元素的“粒控效应”进行了深入研究.结果表明,在近岸底层水溶解氧浓度正常海区沉积物中,元素（包括典型陆源碎屑元素和RSE）的分布显示出明显的“粒控效应”,在缺氧区沉积物中,RSE与粒度之间的相关性较差,其分布不受“粒控效应”的制约,而主要受氧化还原环境的影响.另外缺氧区缺氧程度的不同会导致不同的RSE的富集.  相似文献   

灾害性天气实况智能警示系统   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

唐红昇  濮梅娟  赵凯 《气象》2005,31(7):84-87

介绍了江苏省灾害性天气实况警示系统,该系统对9210系统下发的全省重要天气实况报文解码入库、分析处理,以声音、图像、短信、电子邮件等多种方式进行智能报警,通过图形处理终端进行实时显示。这种灾害性天气实况的网络联防和智能报警功能,为预报员及时监测灾害性天气的发生发展、进行联防和开展准确及时的预报服务提供了重要的实时信息。  相似文献   

河北省中南部一次大雾天气过程分析   总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20  

王丽荣  连志鸾 《气象》2005,31(4):65-68

对2003年11月河北省中南部大雾天气进行了分析,结果表明与稳定度有关的物理量场的变化不仅是强对流等灾害性天气的预报指标,对大雾天气也有一定的指示意义：雾是在稳定的大气层结下出现的天气现象,根据大气稳定层结的状况及变化,可以判断大雾天气的有无及其生消时间。另外,前期湿度条件的积累也是影响大雾生成的主要原因。  相似文献   

甘肃1∶20万区域化探扫面分析技术回顾     

毛振才  陈月源  祝建国  韩枫林 《甘肃地质》2012,(1):73-80

本文在回顾和总结我省1∶20万区域化探扫面分析技术和成果的基础上,从化探分析方法研究、微痕量元素分析技术进展和技术推广应用3个方面对其分析技术和应用成果进行了介绍和评述。同时,对化探分析中存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行了简述。对指导我省乃至全国地球化学样品分析方法和微痕量元素分析技术及其应用具有重要的现实意义和实用价值。  相似文献   

单侧控制条件下SPOT5 HRG影像的定向试验     

王铁军  孙洪双  马治  郑福海 《测绘软科学研究》2010,(6):62-65

高分辨率卫星影像已经成为获取地理信息的重要数据源,而其定向是一项关键技术。本文利用单侧不同数量及分布的控制点对SPOT5 HRG影像进行了定向试验,探讨了在单侧控制条件下SPOT5 HRG影像的定向精度情况,为地面控制点获取较困难地区的影像定向提供了一条参考途径。  相似文献